| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Koplik's spots ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Koplik's spots
Koplik spots (also ''Koplik's sign'') are a prodromic viral enanthem of measles manifesting two to three days before the measles rash itself. They are characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa (opposite the lower 1st & 2nd molars) and are pathognomonic for measles. The textbook description of Koplik spots is ulcerated mucosal lesions marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neovascularization.〔Robbins and Cotran. "Infectious Diseases." Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. 2005. Print.〕 They are described as appearing like "grains of salt on a wet background", and often fade as the maculopapular rash develops. As well as their diagnostic significance they are important in the control of outbreaks. Their appearance, in contacts of a diagnosed case, before they reach maximum infectivity, permits isolation of the contacts and greatly aids control of this highly infectious disease.
Nobel laureate John F. Enders and Thomas Peebles, who first isolated measles virus were careful to collect their samples from patients showing Koplik's spots.
==History==
Koplik's spots are named after Henry Koplik (1858-1927), an American pediatrician who published a short description of them 1896, emphasising their appearance before the skin rash and their value in the differential diagnosis of diseases with which measles might be mistaken.〔 He published two further papers on the spots, including one with a colour illustration. An anonymous reviewer of Koplik's ''The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood'' refers to the illustration as "the now famous coloured plate".
Some authors ascribe the first written description of these spots to Reubold, Würzburg 1854, and others to Johann Andreas Murray (1740-1791). Before Koplik, the German internist Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt (1833-1902) in 1874, the Danish physician N. Flindt in 1879, and the Russian Nil Filatov (1847-1902) in 1895, had observed equivalent phenomena.〔(Koplik, H. "The diagnosis of the invasion of measles from a study of the exanthema as it appears on the buccal mucous membrane" ), ''Archives of Pediatrics,'' New York, 1896; 13: 918-922," (accessed 13 September 2006)〕 Koplik was aware of Filatov's work, thought his evidence insufficient and rejected his claim for priority.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Koplik's spots」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|